Foundations·5 min read

How Compound Interest Works

You earn interest not just on your original money, but on the interest you've already earned. Your money earns money on itself.

The Formula
A = P × (1 + r)n
A

Final amount

P

Principal

r

Annual rate

n

Years

A Concrete Example

$10,000 at 7% for 20 years

Same money, same rate, dramatically different outcomes.

MethodCalculationResult
Simple interest$10,000 + (7% × $10,000 × 20)$24,000
Compound interest$10,000 × (1.07)²⁰$38,697

Compound interest earns you nearly $15,000 more — without doing anything differently.

Why It Accelerates

The base keeps growing

Each year's interest is calculated on a larger and larger balance.

YearBalanceInterest that year
1$10,700$700
5$14,026$982
10$19,672$1,377
20$38,697$2,529
30$76,123$4,976
Quick Math

The Rule of 72

Divide 72 by the interest rate to find how many years it takes to double your money.

7%annual rate
~10 years

to double

12%annual rate
~6 years

to double

Key Drivers

What accelerates it most

Time

The biggest factor. Starting early matters far more than the amount.

Rate

Even 1–2% more makes a massive difference over decades.

Contribution frequency

Monthly contributions compound much faster than a single lump sum.

Compounding frequency

Daily vs. annual compounding makes a small but real difference.

Try It Yourself

Compound interest calculator

Interactive Calculator

Live
$
%
$

Final Value

$142,882

Interest Earned

$84,882

Total Contributed

$58,000

Doubles every

~10 yrs

Your moneyInterest earned
The key insight: compound interest is exponential, not linear. The longer it runs, the more dramatic the curve becomes. That's why the most powerful thing you can do is simply start early.